home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- $Unique_ID{BRK03481}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Aplasia Cutis Congenita}
- $Subject{Aplasia Cutis Congenita ACC Congenital Defect of the Skull and Scalp
- Scalp Defect Congenital Adams-Oliver Syndrome Aplasia Cutis
- Congenita-Gastrointestinal Johanson-Blizzard Syndrome}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1992 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 901:
- Aplasia Cutis Congenita
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Aplasia Cutis
- Congenita) the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to find
- the alternate name and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- ACC
- Congenital Defect of the Skull and Scalp
- Scalp Defect Congenital
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Adams-Oliver Syndrome
- Aplasia Cutis Congenita-Gastrointestinal
- Johanson-Blizzard Syndrome
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The Information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Aplasia Cutis Congenita is a rare disorder that may be inherited as an
- autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive trait. Individuals are born with
- an absence of skin on the scalp, trunk and/or arms and legs. The affected
- area typically is covered with a thin, transparent membrane. The skull
- and/or underlying areas may be visible showing abnormal development. This
- disorder may be found alone or as a part of several other disorders.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Individuals with Aplasia Cutis Congenita are born with an absence of small
- areas of skin. These areas are replaced with a thin transparent membrane.
- Some patients may just have skin involvement while others may also have
- abnormal development of the underlying structures which can be seen through
- the transparent membrane and other organs. This disorder is found most often
- on the scalp but can also be found on the trunk and/or legs and arms.
-
- Abnormalities of the ears and/or a form of paralysis (palsy) affecting
- one side of the face have been found in some patients with Aplasia Cutis
- Congenita.
-
- Aplasia Cutis Congenita may also occur as one of the symptoms in the
- following disorders: Adams-Oliver Syndrome, Aplasia Cutis Congenita-
- Gastrointestinal, and Johanson-Blizzard Syndrome. (For more information on
- these disorders, see the related disorders section of this report.)
-
- Causes
-
- Aplasia Cutis Congenita is a rare disorder that can be inherited as an
- autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive trait.
-
- Human traits, including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of
- the interaction of two genes, one received from the father and one from the
- mother.
-
- In dominant disorders a single copy of the disease gene (received from
- either the mother or father) will be expressed "dominating" the other normal
- gene and resulting in the appearance of the disease. The risk of
- transmitting the disorder from affected parent to offspring is fifty percent
- for each pregnancy regardless of the sex of the resulting child.
-
- In recessive disorders, the condition does not appear unless a person
- inherits the same defective gene for the same trait from each parent. If one
- receives one normal gene and one gene for the disease, the person will be a
- carrier for the disease, but usually will not show symptoms. The risk of
- transmitting the disease to the children of a couple, both of whom are
- carriers for a recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of
- their children will be carriers, but healthy as described above. Twenty-five
- percent of their children will receive both normal genes, one from each
- parent, and will be genetically normal.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Aplasia Cutis Congenita is a very rare disorder that affects males and
- females in equal numbers.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Aplasia Cutis Congenita may be one of the symptoms of the following
- disorders.
-
- Adams-Oliver Syndrome is a rare inherited disorder characterized by the
- absence of bone in areas of the skull and bald ulcerated areas of overlying
- scalp. These skull and scalp abnormalities usually heal spontaneously during
- the first few months of life, but in a few cases plastic surgery may be
- necessary. Limb abnormalities may vary in severity. Fingers and toes may be
- absent or shorter than normal, and the longer bones in the hand may be
- absent. In some severe cases, the leg below the midcalf may be absent. (For
- more information on this disorder choose "Adams-Oliver Syndrome" as your
- search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Aplasia Cutis Congenita-Gastrointestinal is a rare disorder inherited as
- an autosomal recessive trait. This disorder is characterized by extensive
- Aplasia Cutis Congenita and the absence of a normal opening in the canal that
- goes from below the mouth to the stomach (esophagus), the tube-shaped part of
- the stomach, and/or the short part of the small intestine that joins the
- stomach (duodenum). Other symptoms found in some patients with Aplasia Cutis
- Congenita-Gastrointestinal may be skin separation and/or low-set ears. This
- disorder is rapidly progressive.
-
- Johanson-Blizzard Syndrome is a form of ectodermal dysplasia that is
- characterized by nose, scalp and hair defects, as well as a lack of teeth,
- deafness, short stature, a lack of motor development and malabsorption
- problems. The most striking feature of this syndrome is the beaklike
- appearance of the nose. Three-fourths of the patients have a protrusion over
- the rear fontanelle of the skull at birth which gets thick and hard as the
- child grows. Their teeth are peg-shaped and they have thin hair that sweeps
- up from the forehead. Patients with Johanson-Blizzard Syndrome show marked
- hearing loss from birth as well as motor and mental retardation. Bone growth
- is delayed and there may be associated intestinal, absorption and genital
- defects. (For more information on this disorder choose "Ectodermal
- Dysplasia" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Aplasia Cutis Congenita may consist of surgery when the affected
- areas do not heal spontaneously. Other treatment is symptomatic and
- supportive.
-
- Genetic counseling may be of benefit for patients and their families.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Research on birth defects and their causes is ongoing. The National
- Institutes of Health (NIH) is sponsoring the Human Genome Project which is
- aimed at mapping every gene in the human body and learning why they sometimes
- malfunction. It is hoped that this new knowledge will lead to prevention and
- treatment of genetic disorders in the future.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- April 1992. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Aplasia Cutis Congenita, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- The National Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Information
- Clearinghouse
- Box AMS
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 494-4464
-
- For Genetic Information and Genetic Counseling Referrals:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 9th Ed.: Victor A. McKusick, Editor: Johns
- Hopkins University Press, 1990. Pp. 88, 1037.
-
- BIRTH DEFECTS ENCYCLOPEDIA, Mary Louise Buyse, M.D., Editor-In-Chief;
- Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1990. Pp. 171.
-
- CLINICAL DERMATOLOGY, 2nd Ed.; Thomas P. Habif, M.D., Editor: The C.V.
- Mosby Company, 1990. Pp. 614.
-
-